Bone mass is increased by filling an artificially created cavity in the maxillary sinuses.

Indications for sinus elevator surgery

The main purpose of bone augmentation is to elevate the bottom of the maxillary sinus and fill the cavity with bone grafting material. This makes it possible to replenish the bone mass and create a solid foundation for subsequent implantation. A sinus elevator is required for patients with atrophied bone tissue in the upper jaw.

Key readings:

• The volume of bone between the alveolar process and the appendicular sinuses is less than 8 mm.
• Displacement of the paired sinuses closer to the oral cavity.
• Presence of a deep alveolar cove.
• Significant atrophic changes.

For patients with a long-term missing tooth, a sinus elevator is required in 85% of cases.

Types of sinus elevator

There are three main methods of sinus elevator surgery:

1. Open or lateral sinus elevator: This method involves a complex surgical procedure to increase the height of the bone mass up to 8 mm.
2. The rehabilitation process lasts at least 6 months and the main risk is the possibility of perforation of the maxillary sinus.
3. Closed sinus elevator: A minimally invasive method used when the alveolar height is at least 6 mm. In this case, a one-stage implantation is often performed, which reduces the rehabilitation time.
4. Balloon plasty method: Recommended for bone heights of 3-4.5 mm. Instead of bone-plastic material, a balloon is used, which is inserted through a special hole and air is injected to naturally peel off the mucosa and fill the cavity with connective and bone tissue. The procedure takes about an hour.

Подготовка к операции

Preparation for a sinus elevator includes an oral examination, evaluation of the teeth and mucous membranes. The doctor prescribes a CT scan of the jaw bones and an x-ray of the sinuses to determine the height, density and volume of the jaw bones in the area of implant placement. The patient’s clinical and vital history is also evaluated, and blood and urine tests are ordered if necessary.

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications:

• Neoplasms, polyps, oncology.
• Immunodeficiencies of various genesis.
• Pregnancy and lactation.
• Psychoneurological diseases, dependence on drugs or alcohol.
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Organ failure.
• Acute allergic reactions to drugs (anesthesia).

Sinus elevator is not performed in case of exacerbation of chronic maxillary sinusitis, anomalies of the maxillary sinuses, previous operations on the sinuses and jaw osteomyelitis. Also, this procedure is not repeated if there have been cases of implant rejection.

Usually, surgical intervention is resorted to after conservative therapy. The purpose of the procedure is to eliminate infectious foci and accumulation of bacteria that support the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues, as well as to correct defects:

• Cleaning of teeth from all types of deposits (soft and hard);
• Sub-gingival treatment of the root surface;
• Removal of granulations;
• Removal of periodontal pockets – places of accumulation of dental plaque;
• Correction of gum recession;
• Formation of the gingival contour;
• Pocket de-epithelialization;
• Increasing the regenerating ability of the gums.

Basic principles of surgical treatment of periodontal diseases

Periodontal surgery involves many nuances and difficulties. Before performing the operation, a thorough examination of the patient is carried out. Apparatus and radiological diagnostic procedures are prescribed. The doctor must take into account all aspects in planning the operation:

• Patient’s age;
• Presence of general and systemic diseases;
• Topography of the jawbone;
• Ratio of keratinized to non-keratinized volume of gingival tissue.

The surgical intervention is based on the principle of efficiency, simplicity and predictability. Healthy areas and areas of attached gingiva are preserved as much as possible. Bareness of the bone is minimized as much as possible for sufficient visualization and free access to pathological areas.

Indications for tooth extraction

Before recommending a tooth extraction, the doctor performs a thorough diagnostic evaluation. This may include a visual inspection, x-rays, CT scans, or panoramic jaw scans to assess the condition of the teeth.

Indications for removal may include:

• severe tooth decay;
• root fracture;
• deep caries;
• severe loosening of the tooth;
• complicated pulpitis or periodontitis;
• a cyst or granuloma on the root of the tooth that cannot be removed;
• abnormal positioning of teeth, etc.

Wisdom teeth removal is often recommended for abnormal placement, where they put pressure on neighboring teeth and cause a crooked tooth row.

Preparing for tooth extraction

Tooth extraction can be planned or emergency. In emergency cases involving acute pain, the procedure can be performed without prior preparation. However, it is important to inform the doctor about chronic diseases and allergies to medications.

In preparation for scheduled removal, it is recommended:

• avoid heavy physical activity and heat before surgery;
• avoid alcohol intake a few days before the procedure, as it may affect blood clotting;
• refrain from smoking;
• eat breakfast before the procedure to avoid hunger.

The dentist may also prescribe tests and an anesthesiologist consultation, as well as antibacterial or anti-inflammatory medications the day before the extraction.

The process of tooth extraction

Tooth extraction can be performed using a variety of methods:

• If the tooth is visible, it can be removed with forceps. After anesthesia, the dentist removes the tooth and treats the hole.
• In some cases, the tooth can be removed without forceps when the dentist loosens the alveolar ligament with a special instrument called a periotome.
• Complex extractions, such as the removal of unerupted or misaligned teeth, require surgical intervention. In such cases, after anesthesia, the dentist cuts the gum, removes the tooth and sutures the wound.

If it is necessary to remove several teeth or perform a complex manipulation, the procedure is recommended to be performed under sedation.

Recommendations after a tooth extraction

Pain, swelling and slight fever may persist for 3-4 days after tooth extraction. The average postoperative period is 6-10 days.

After a tooth extraction, it is recommended:

• hold a cotton swab to stop bleeding for 20-40 minutes;
• apply a cold compress to the cheek to reduce swelling;
• refrain from eating and drinking for 2-3 hours after surgery, avoiding mouthwash and the use of straws;
• avoid hot, hard and spicy foods for 3-4 days;
• do not chew food on the side of the extracted tooth until the tooth is completely healed;
• avoid smoking and alcohol;
• do not brush your teeth for the first 12 hours after extraction;
• avoid intense physical activity and hot procedures for 3-4 days;
• sleep on the side opposite the extracted tooth if there is swelling and pain.

If you experience severe bleeding, throbbing pain, fever, swelling of the cheek, or other alarming symptoms, you should see a dentist.

Reducing pain after tooth extraction

Pain may occur after the anesthesia has worn off. To reduce pain and prevent swelling, it is recommended to apply cold compresses during the first 24 hours. You can also use painkillers, but you should check with your dentist about their prescription.

Contraindications to tooth extraction

Tooth extraction is a surgical procedure that requires evaluation of the patient’s health status and exclusion of contraindications.

Tooth extraction is not recommended when:

• acute diseases (infection, inflammation);
• blood clotting disorders;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• some endocrine and neurological diseases;
• in the first and last months of pregnancy.

In such cases, it is better to postpone surgery until the patient’s condition stabilizes.

Prosthetics for lost teeth

A tooth can be placed in place of an extracted tooth:

• Implant with crown: the optimal method of replacing a lost tooth, which involves implanting an artificial root into the jawbone, on which a crown is then placed. Implantation can be a one-stage or two-stage procedure.
• Bridges: A structure that can replace 1 to 3 teeth, attached to healthy teeth on the sides of the lost teeth.
• Removable Denture: recommended when a significant number of teeth are lost or when an implant or bridge cannot be placed.

These techniques ensure that the functionality and aesthetics of the dentition are restored after an extraction.

Causes of tooth loss

Often tooth loss is due to tooth decay caused by tooth decay or gum disease. Depending on the nature of the problem, the prosthodontist offers two types of prosthetics: removable and fixed.

Results of fixed prosthetics

• Restoration of the dentition.
• Restoration of aesthetics and dental health.
• Preservation of healthy teeth, as the dentures take up some of the load of chewing.

The quality of prosthetics largely depends on the skill of the dentist and the equipment used in the clinic.

Advantages of fixed prosthetics

Fixed dentures provide comfort and require little maintenance. They look natural and aesthetic. The orthopedist analyzes the condition of the maxillary system and recommends the optimal type of prosthetics.

Crowns

A crown is placed in case of large tooth defects. The tooth is ground down and in case of severe decay, an inlay is placed and then a crown is placed. The procedure usually requires three visits to the dentist. There are different crown designs made of different materials.

Veneers

Veneers are thin ceramic plates that are bonded to the outside of the teeth. Their main advantage is that they provide an ideal aesthetic result with minimal treatment of tooth enamel and protect the teeth from external factors.

Thus, fixed dentures are an excellent solution for restoring the health and beauty of teeth, offering patients comfort, functionality and aesthetics.

• The child sinks into a state of relaxation.
• The procedures are easy and stress-free for the child.
• The young patient does not feel fear, which contributes to a more comfortable experience.

Only proven medications that are safe for health are used during sedation. Due to the rapid elimination of substances from the body, the doctor can provide high-quality and effective treatment.

Peculiarities of dental treatment in children under sedation

Pediatric sedation in dentistry solves several problems at the same time, which has led to the popularity of this technique. An experienced specialist determines the necessary dose of drugs, controls the child’s condition during the procedures and monitors the child until awakening. Sedation is achieved using an inhalation mask. If necessary, local anesthesia and additional drugs such as antihistamines may be used.

During sedation, the dentist can perform all necessary manipulations, as children do not feel fear, pain or discomfort. This allows the dentist to perform even the most complex procedures quickly and efficiently. The child’s breathing and heartbeat are strictly controlled by the medical staff.

Once the treatment is complete, the inhalation drug is stopped and the child soon wakes up while remaining under the attention of the specialists.

Important! Sedation is neither anesthesia nor anesthesia. The patient is immersed in a state of deep relaxation and feels it as a light sleep.

Difference between sedation and anaesthesia

Unlike general anesthesia, sedation is a safer method that has no harmful effects on the body. During the procedure, the child remains in contact, easily answers questions and communicates with the doctor. There is no long recovery process typical for general anesthesia – the patient comes out of the condition with the same psychological and physical state with which he or she came to the procedure.

It is important to note that sedation does not exclude the need for local anesthesia. It helps to perceive the treatment more easily and reduces sensitivity, and anesthesia is important for pain relief.

Indications for sedation

Sedation is suitable for the treatment of young patients from the age of 7 years. If the child is older but impressionable and anxious, this method can also be used.

Sedation is recommended for extensive treatment plans, when many teeth need to be treated and the child cannot sit still. The method is also used in patients with special needs.

Contraindications to the use of sedation therapy

Sedation is carried out after a preliminary examination and plan for the procedure. It should not be considered as a means of calming a child in the event of a tantrum. It should only be used when the child is calm.

Although oxygen sedation is safe, there are some contraindications:

• Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
• Epilepsy.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Anemia.
• Severe form of bronchial asthma.

If the patient has a runny nose, regardless of its origin, performance of the procedure is temporarily postponed, as clogged nasal passages may interfere with the action of the sedative.

Safety of sedation for the child

Oxygen sedation is a safe method. The gas particles do not interact with blood proteins and disappear without a trace just 10-15 minutes after the procedure. It is not addictive and does not cause allergic reactions because it contains the same gases we breathe in from the environment.

Preparing for the procedure

During the preliminary consultation, the dentist assesses the condition of the patient’s teeth and oral cavity, and also takes into account the patient’s general health. It is important to inform the doctor about chronic diseases, allergies and other peculiarities. Based on this information, the specialist will select a safe and effective drug for sedation.

It is also recommended to undergo some tests to make sure that there are no contraindications. It is necessary not to eat 3 hours before the procedure.

Why do I need to prevent tooth and gum disease in children?

Decay on baby teeth can develop very quickly, leading to tooth decay and severe pain in just a few months. In children, it often appears as yellow spots or chips that are difficult to see. Parents sometimes underestimate the importance of treating baby teeth, believing that they do not need to be treated because they will change. However, this approach is wrong.

Tooth decay can lead to serious complications such as gum inflammation, premature loss of baby teeth and bite disorders. Therefore, prevention of tooth and gum disease in children is extremely important.

Common diseases of teeth and gums in children

Children can suffer from the same dental conditions as adults. The most common are:

• Caries is the destruction of enamel and dentin, the hard tissues of teeth.
• Pulpitis – inflammation of the pulp, soft tissues of the tooth.
• Periodontitis – inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tooth.

Pulpitis and periodontitis are usually complications of tooth decay and require treatment, which may result in the extraction of a baby tooth. Premature tooth extraction can lead to malocclusion and uneven eruption of molars.

Gum disease in children

Gum disease is also serious. Commonly occurring diseases:

• Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums with redness and swelling.
• Stomatitis – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth with the formation of ulcers.
• Periodontitis – inflammation of the periodontal tissues that hold the tooth in place.
• Periodontal disease – a disease of the periodontium, accompanied by its destruction.

Gingivitis and stomatitis are quite common, and their symptoms help diagnose the diseases. Periodontitis and periodontal disease are less common, but may be symptomless in the early stages.

The main cause of disease is infection that enters the oral cavity, while plaque and calculus create a suitable environment for its development. Professional teeth cleaning and other preventive methods help to reduce the risk of diseases.

Methods of prevention of dental diseases in children

While many people think that prevention is just about brushing daily, there are actually many ways to protect your child’s teeth:

• Professional teeth cleaning once every 3-4 months. It includes removal of plaque and hard deposits in hard-to-reach areas.
• Fluoridation of teeth to strengthen enamel.
• Remineralization of teeth using special preparations.
• Silvering of baby teeth.
• Fissure sealing – coating of dental curves with fluoride sealant.

It is also important to maintain oral hygiene, watch the diet (reduce the consumption of sugar, sweets and baked goods) and diet.

Prevention of gum disease in children

The same procedures are used to reduce the risk of gum disease as are used to prevent dental disease. Professional cleanings are especially important because the dentist removes plaque and tartar that cannot be removed with regular cleanings and also cleans gum pockets, which helps prevent gingivitis.

Variety of orthodontic correction methods

Bracket systems
Braces remain one of the most popular methods of correction. There is a choice between traditional metal braces and more discrete ceramic braces, depending on patient preference.

Eliners
Eliners are removable, clear plastic structures ideal for those who value invisibility and comfort during the correction process.

The treatment process: steps to a perfect smile

1. Consultation and diagnosis
   The process begins with a detailed consultation, during which a diagnosis of the current bite condition is made.
2. Individualized treatment plan
   Based on the diagnosis, an individualized treatment plan is developed to address the patient’s needs and desired outcomes.
3. Selecting the optimal method
   Together with the patient, the appropriate method of correction is chosen, discussing the pros and cons of braces and eliners.
4. Installation and adjustment
   The process of installing braces or providing eliners involves careful work by specialists followed by regular adjustments.
5. Maintaining results and care
   Once treatment is complete, the physician provides recommendations for care and maintenance of the result with the use of restraints.

Benefits of eliners

• Invisibility: Transparent eliners make the correction process almost invisible, which is especially valuable for adult patients.
• Comfort: Removable elainers allow for convenient oral hygiene and do not restrict food choices.
• Effectiveness: Eliners effectively address bite problems and provide consistent results.

Orthodontic correction is not only the path to a perfect smile, but also a guarantee of overall bite health. Modern techniques and an individualized approach make the experience as comfortable and effective as possible. Don’t miss the opportunity to improve your smile and oral health!

Why bite alignment is important

An improper bite not only affects the aesthetics of your face and smile, but it also affects the health of your teeth, gums, and jaws. It can cause:

• difficulty chewing food;
• uneven stress on the teeth, leading to premature wear and tear;
• impaired diction and speech;
• increased likelihood of gum disease and tooth decay.

Methods of bite correction

Modern orthodontic technology makes it possible to correct even the most complex anomalies. Depending on the age of the patient and the specifics of the case, different methods are used:

1. Braces are the most common method of correction. Braces are fixed to the teeth and use arches to gradually correct the position of the teeth. There are metal, ceramic and lingual braces.
2. Caps (eliners) are removable transparent devices that correct the teeth gradually. They are suitable for patients with mild to moderate bite disorders.
3. Orthodontic appliances – removable and non-removable devices that are most often used for children during the period of jaw formation. They help to properly guide the growth of teeth and jaws.
4. Plates are the traditional method for correcting the bite in children. Plates are worn on the teeth for a certain period of time to correct minor abnormalities.
5. Surgical correction – In complex cases where not only the teeth but also the bones of the jaw need to be corrected, surgical treatments are used.

Stages of treatment

Bite correction begins with diagnosis. The orthodontist conducts an examination, taking x-rays to assess the condition of the jaws and teeth. Diagnosis includes analysis:

• Skeletal – the bones of the jaw are evaluated.
• Dental – the position and condition of the teeth.
• Dental-alveolar part – the condition of the gums and alveolar processes.

Based on the diagnosis, a treatment plan is created, which may include the use of one or more orthodontic appliances.

Duration of treatment

The process of bite correction in adults takes time. The time frame depends on the following factors:

• Degree of abnormality (mild cases take less time, complex cases take more).
• Age of the patient (children’s bones are more pliable, adults take longer to treat).
• The condition of the oral cavity (problems with teeth or gums can lengthen the process).
• Methods used (braces, eliners, surgery).

On average, adult bite correction takes 1.5 to 2 years, and in some cases, up to 5 years.

Benefits of bite correction:

• Improved appearance and well-being.
• Normalization of chewing and speech functions.
• Prevention of diseases of teeth and gums.
• Improving self-esteem and self-confidence.

Заключение

Bite correction is a long but important process for overall health and aesthetics. Modern techniques used in dentistry make it possible to achieve a perfect result even in the most difficult cases, which significantly improves the quality of life.

Indications for artistic restoration:

• Change in enamel shade.
• Grinding or reshaping of the tooth.
• Gaps between teeth.
• Chips and cracks in the enamel.
• Restoration of a tooth after decay or other damage.
• Replacement of an extracted tooth.

Contraindications:

• Allergic reactions to materials.
• Poor oral hygiene.
• Problems with isolating the area from moisture during the procedure.

Art restoration techniques:

1. Direct restoration
   Direct restorations are performed directly in the patient’s mouth. It is suitable for minor defects in the shape or color of the tooth. The doctor recreates the chipped part without going to a laboratory, so the procedure takes one visit. It is the fastest and most economical way of restoration.
2. Indirect restoration
   This method is used for more complex cases, such as the restoration of front teeth. The tooth is first treated and prepared, then the dentist takes an impression, which is sent to a laboratory. There, a customized ceramic inlay is made for the specific tooth. This method takes more time and costs more, but it provides high quality and durability.

Artistic restoration with composite materials:

Photopolymer restoration is a delicate work that requires skill and attention to detail. It is used to correct minor imperfections such as chips, cracks, stains or enamel erasure. Photopolymers harden under the influence of a special lamp, allowing the dentist to recreate the correct contours of the teeth right in the patient’s mouth. This restoration lasts 10-15 years, but requires regular polishing every 6 months.

Benefits of Artistic Restoration:

• The restored tooth looks natural and does not differ in shape and color from the rest of the tooth.
• The use of photopolymers allows you to achieve a high aesthetic result.
• The cost of restoration is lower than whitening or prosthetics.
• The procedure has minimal impact on healthy enamel, which reduces the risk of hypersensitivity.
• Multiple teeth can be restored in one visit.

Art restorations are a modern, safe, and effective way to restore a natural and healthy-looking smile without significantly altering your teeth.

Stages of root canal treatment:

1. Preparation – the first step to a healthy smile
   The process begins with a thorough oral examination and cleaning of the affected area. Modern anesthesia is used to ensure that the procedure is entirely painless and comfortable for you.
2. Cleaning and Disinfection – removing the infection
   The dentist accesses the root canals, removes the nerve and vascular tissues, and cleans and disinfects the canals using specialized tools to eliminate all traces of infection.
3. Removing Infected Tissues – the key to recovery
   Using precision instruments of varying sizes, the dentist removes the damaged pulp and reaches the infection’s source. The cavity is then disinfected again to prevent further inflammation.
4. Reinforcement (if necessary)
   If the tooth is severely damaged, a titanium post may be placed to strengthen its structure before subsequent prosthetic work or crown placement.
5. Sealing – the final step for lasting protection
   The cleaned and disinfected canals are filled with gutta-percha, a specialized material that prevents reinfection and ensures long-term tooth protection.

Why Choose Endodontic Treatment at ProSmile?

• We use advanced microscopic techniques for maximum precision.
• Our experienced dentists follow internationally recognized evidence-based protocols.
• The treatment is completely pain-free, ensuring your comfort and peace of mind every step of the way.

Endodontic treatment is not just about saving a tooth – it’s an investment in your health and confidence. Book your consultation today and take the first step toward a healthier smile!

Post-Treatment Recommendations

Discomfort during eating
Mild sensitivity or discomfort when chewing is normal after the procedure. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate the pain – always follow the dosage instructions.

Daily oral care
Maintain your oral health by rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash and brushing your teeth twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush. This helps reduce inflammation risks and keeps your mouth clean.

Swelling and cold compresses
If swelling occurs after treatment, apply a cold compress to the cheek for 10–15 minutes. This reduces inflammation and soothes the affected tissues.

When to contact your dentist
If pain or swelling persists for more than 3–4 days or worsens, contact your dentist immediately for evaluation and additional treatment if needed.

A well-performed root canal treatment can save your tooth for years, restore its functionality, and prevent future complications. By following these simple recommendations, you can ensure the best outcome and long-term oral health.

FAQs About Root Canal Treatment

How long does the procedure take?
The treatment duration depends on the number of teeth and their condition. Treating a single tooth typically takes about 30 minutes, while multiple teeth can require up to 2.5 hours.

Is the procedure painful?
No, the treatment is performed under local anesthesia, making it completely pain-free. Modern anesthetic techniques ensure a comfortable and stress-free experience.

What happens after the treatment?
After root canal therapy, the teeth can be restored with fillings or, if necessary, dental prosthetics. High-quality fillings last for years, provided you avoid excessive pressure on the teeth, such as chewing hard foods or other traumatic habits.

Have more questions? Contact us – we’re here to help!